Can a triangle be represented as a matrix? Triangle1 (1, 1), (1, 2), (3, 1)...

Step 1
For a matrix multiplication to be possible the columns of the first matrix must be equal to the rows of the second matrix. As the transformation matrix has 2 columns and the matrix ${\displaystyle T_1}$ has 2 rows then multiplication is possible.
In this example we need to find a matrix M such that
${\displaystyle M{T}_1=T_2}$
If we let
$M=\left(\begin{array}{cc}a& b\\ c& d\end{array}\right)$
Then we have to find a,b,c,d such that:
$\left(\begin{array}{cc}a& b\\ c& d\end{array}\right)\left(\begin{array}{ccc}1& 1& 3\\ 1& 2& 1\end{array}\right)=\left(\begin{array}{ccc}1& 1& 3\\ 3& 6& 3\end{array}\right)$
Which implies:
$\left(\begin{array}{ccc}a+b& a+2b& 3a+b\\ c+d& c+2d& 3c+d\end{array}\right)=\left(\begin{array}{ccc}1& 1& 3\\ 3& 6& 3\end{array}\right)$
You should then be able to find a,b,c,d
You can check if you have the right transformation matrix by working out the area of the two triangles (they are both right angled so it's easy). The determinant of your transformation matrix should be the factor by which the area has increased/decreased.

Step 1
A ${\displaystyle 2\times 2}$ matrix is a function from ${\displaystyle {\mathbb{R}}^2}$ to ${\displaystyle {\mathbb{R}}^2}$. So it takes each point on the triangle to another point in the plane. So you're not representing a triangle as a matrix. The triangle is a collection of points (i.e. elements of ${\displaystyle {\mathbb{R}}^2}$); each point gets sent to another (not necessarily different) point by the matrix. You need to find a matrix that sends all the points on the first triangle to the points on the second.