# Consider the following linear transformation T : P_2 rightarrow P_3, given by T(f) = 3x^2 f'. That is, take the first derivative and then multiply by 3x^2 (a) Find the matrix for T with respect to the standard bases of P_n: that is, find [T]_{epsilon}^{epsilon}, where- epsilon = {1, x, x^2 , x^n) (b) Find N(T) and R(T). You can either work with polynomials or with their coordinate vectors with respect to the standard basis. Write the answers as spans of polynomials. (c) Find the the matrix for T with respect to the alternate bases: [T]_A^B where A = {x - 1, x, x^2 + 1}, B = {x^3, x, x^2, 1}.

Question
Alternate coordinate systems
Consider the following linear transformation T : P_2 \rightarrow P_3, given by T(f) = 3x^2 f'. That is, take the first derivative and then multiply by 3x^2 (a) Find the matrix for T with respect to the standard bases of P_n: that is, find [T]_{\epsilon}^{\epsilon}, where- \epsilon = {1, x, x^2 , x^n) (b) Find N(T) and R(T). You can either work with polynomials or with their coordinate vectors with respect to the standard basis. Write the answers as spans of polynomials. (c) Find the the matrix for T with respect to the alternate bases: [T]_A^B where A = {x - 1, x, x^2 + 1}, B = {x^3, x, x^2, 1}.

2020-11-11
Sulotion: Given that nebce that to the $$\displaystyle{T}:{P}_{{2}}\rightarrow{P}_{{3}}{T}{\left({f}\right)}={3}{x}^{{2}}{f}'$$ a) $$\displaystyle{B}=\le{f}{t}{\left\lbrace{1},{x},{x}^{{2}}{r}{i}{g}{h}{t}\right\rbrace},\gamma=\le{f}{t}{\left\lbrace{1},{x},{x}^{{2}},{x}^{{3}}{r}{i}{g}{h}{t}\right\rbrace}{N}{S}{K}{T}{\left({1}\right)}={0.1}+{0}.{x}+{0}.{x}^{{2}}+{0}.{x}^{{3}}{N}{S}{K}{T}{\left({x}\right)}={3}{x}^{{2}}{c}{o}{\left.{d}{t}\right.}{1}={0.1}+{0}\cdot{x}+{3}{x}^{{2}}+{0}\cdot{x}^{{3}}{N}{S}{K}{T}{\left({x}^{{2}}\right)}=={3}{x}^{{2}}\cdot{2}{x}={6}{x}^{{3}}={0.1}+{0}.{x}+{0}.{x}^{{2}}+{0}{x}^{{3}}{N}{S}{K}{{\left[{T}\right]}_{{B}}^{{\gamma}}}={A}={b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}{0}&{0}&{0}\backslash{0}&{0}&{0}\backslash{0}&{3}&{0}\backslash{0}&{0}&{6}\backslash{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}$$ b. That to that the $$\displaystyle{N}{\left({1}\right)}\cdot{A}{x}={0}{N}{S}{K}{b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}{0}&{0}&{0}\backslash{0}&{0}&{0}\backslash{0}&{3}&{0}\backslash{0}&{0}&{6}\backslash{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}{b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}{x}_{{1}}\backslash{x}_{{2}}\backslash{x}_{{3}}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}={b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}{0}\backslash{0}\backslash{0}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}{N}{S}{K}{3}{x}^{{2}}={0}{6}{x}^{{3}}={0}{N}{S}{K}{x}_{{2}}={0}$$ Let then the $$\displaystyle{n}{\left({1}\right)}={5}{p}{o}{n}{\mid}\le{f}{t}{\left\lbrace{1},{0},{x}{r}{i}{g}{h}{t}\right\rbrace}$$ spon let $$\displaystyle{P}{\left({x}\right)}={7}+{8}{x}+\gamma{x}^{{2}}\in{P}_{{2}}$$ hence that to Let then to T(P) = A - \begin{bmatrix} x\\ B \\ \gamma \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix}0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 3 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 6\\ \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} x \\ 0B\\ \gamma \\ \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 0 \\ 0 \\ 3B \\ 6 \gamma\\ \end{bmatrix}ZSK Then the $$\displaystyle{R}{\left({T}\right)}={s}{p}{a}{n}\le{f}{t}{\left\lbrace{\left({0},{0},{1},{0}\right)}^{{T}}{\left({0},{0},{0}\right)}^{{T}}{r}{i}{g}{h}{t}\right\rbrace}$$ is spon $$\displaystyle\le{f}{t}{\left\lbrace{x}^{{2}},{x}{r}{i}{g}{h}{t}\right\rbrace}$$ c. $$\displaystyle{A}=\le{f}{t}{\left\lbrace{x}^{{-{1}}},{x},{x}^{{2}}+{1}{r}{i}{g}{h}{t}\right\rbrace}{B}=\le{f}{t}{\left\lbrace{x}^{{3}},{x},{x}^{{2}}{r}{i}{g}{h}{t}\right\rbrace}$$ Let the then PSKT(x - 1) = 3 x^2 - 1 = 0.x^3 + 0.x + 3 x^2 + 0.1
T(x) = 3x^2 - (1) = 0.x^3 + 0.1
T(x^2 +1) = 3x^2(2x) = 6.x^3 + 0.x + 0.x^2 + 0.1
[T]_{A}^{B} = \begin{bmatrix}0 & 0 & 6 \\ 0 & 0 & 0\\ 3 & 3 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0\\ \end{bmatrix}

### Relevant Questions

Consider the bases $$\displaystyle{B}={\left({b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{a}{r}{r}{a}{y}\right\rbrace}{\left\lbrace{c}\right\rbrace}{b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}{2}\backslash{3}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace},{b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}{3}\backslash{5}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{a}{r}{r}{a}{y}\right\rbrace}\right)}{o}{f}{R}^{{2}}{\quad\text{and}\quad}{C}={\left({b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{a}{r}{r}{a}{y}\right\rbrace}{\left\lbrace{c}\right\rbrace}{b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}{1}\backslash{1}\backslash{0}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace},{b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}{1}\backslash{0}\backslash{1}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{a}{r}{r}{a}{y}\right\rbrace},{b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}{0}\backslash{1}\backslash{1}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}\right)}{o}{f}{R}^{{3}}$$.
and the linear maps PSKS \in L (R^2, R^3) and T \in L(R^3, R^2) given given (with respect to the standard bases) by $$\displaystyle{\left[{S}\right]}_{{{E},{E}}}={b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}{2}&-{1}\backslash{5}&-{3}\backslash-{3}&{2}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}{\quad\text{and}\quad}{\left[{T}\right]}_{{{E},{E}}}={b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}{1}&-{1}&{1}\backslash{1}&{1}&-{1}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}$$ Find each of the following coordinate representations. $$\displaystyle{\left({a}\right)}{\left[{S}\right]}_{{{B},{E}}}$$
Consider the bases $$\displaystyle{B}={\left({b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{a}{r}{r}{a}{y}\right\rbrace}{\left\lbrace{c}\right\rbrace}{b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}{2}\backslash{3}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace},{b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}{3}\backslash{5}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{a}{r}{r}{a}{y}\right\rbrace}\right)}{o}{f}{R}^{{2}}{\quad\text{and}\quad}{C}={\left({b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{a}{r}{r}{a}{y}\right\rbrace}{\left\lbrace{c}\right\rbrace}{b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}{1}\backslash{1}\backslash{0}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace},{b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}{1}\backslash{0}\backslash{1}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{a}{r}{r}{a}{y}\right\rbrace},{b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}{0}\backslash{1}\backslash{1}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}\right)}{o}{f}{R}^{{3}}$$.
and the linear maps PSKS \in L (R^2, R^3) and T \in L(R^3, R^2) given given (with respect to the standard bases) by $$\displaystyle{\left[{S}\right]}_{{{E},{E}}}={b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}{2}&-{1}\backslash{5}&-{3}\backslash-{3}&{2}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}{\quad\text{and}\quad}{\left[{T}\right]}_{{{E},{E}}}={b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}{1}&-{1}&{1}\backslash{1}&{1}&-{1}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}$$ Find each of the following coordinate representations. $$\displaystyle{\left({b}\right)}{\left[{S}\right]}_{{{E},{C}}}$$
$$\displaystyle{\left({c}\right)}{\left[{S}\right]}_{{{B},{C}}}$$
Given the elow bases for R^2 and the point at the specified coordinate in the standard basis as below, (40 points) $$\displaystyle{B}{1}=\le{f}{t}{\left\lbrace{\left({1},{0}\right)},{\left({0},{1}\right)}{r}{i}{g}{h}{t}\right\rbrace}&{M}{S}{K}{B}{2}={\left({1},{2}\right)},{\left({2},-{1}\right)}{r}{i}{g}{h}{t}\rbrace{\left({1},{7}\right)}={3}^{\cdot}{\left({1},{2}\right)}-{\left({2},{1}\right)}{N}{S}{K}{B}{2}={\left({1},{1}\right)},{\left(-{1},{1}\right)}{\left({3},{7}={5}^{\cdot}{\left({1},{1}\right)}+{2}^{\cdot}{\left(-{1},{1}\right)}{N}{S}{K}{B}{2}={\left({1},{2}\right)},{\left({2},{1}\right)}{\left({0},{3}\right)}={2}^{\cdot}{\left({1},{2}\right)}-{2}^{\cdot}{\left({2},{1}\right)}{N}{S}{K}{\left({8},{10}\right)}={4}^{\cdot}{\left({1},{2}\right)}+{2}^{\cdot}{\left({2},{1}\right)}{N}{S}{K}{B}{2}={\left({1},{2}\right)},{\left(-{2},{1}\right)}{\left({0},{5}\right)}={N}{S}{K}{\left({1},{7}\right)}=\right.}$$ a. Use graph technique to find the coordinate in the second basis. (10 points) b. Show that each basis is orthogonal. (5 points) c. Determine if each basis is normal. (5 points) d. Find the transition matrix from the standard basis to the alternate basis. (15 points)
Consider the linear transformation $$\displaystyle{U}:{R}^{{3}}\rightarrow{R}^{{3}}$$ defined by $$\displaystyle{U}{\left({b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{a}{r}{r}{a}{y}\right\rbrace}{\left\lbrace{c}\right\rbrace}{x}\backslash{y}\backslash{z}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{a}{r}{r}{a}{y}\right\rbrace}\right)}={\left({b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{a}{r}{r}{a}{y}\right\rbrace}{\left\lbrace{c}\right\rbrace}{z}-{y}\backslash{z}+{y}\backslash{3}{z}-{x}-{y}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{a}{r}{r}{a}{y}\right\rbrace}\right)}$$ and the bases PSK\epsilon = \left\{ \left(\begin{array}{c}1\\ 0 \\0\end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c}0\\ 1 \\ 0\end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c}0\\ 0 \\ 1\end{array}\right) \right\}, \gamma = \left\{ \left(\begin{array}{c}1 - i\\ 1 + i \\ 1 \end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c} -1\\ 1 \\ 0\end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c}0\\ 0 \\ 1\end{array}\right) \right\}, Compute the four coordinate matrices $$\displaystyle{{\left[{U}\right]}_{{\epsilon}}^{{\gamma}}},{{\left[{U}\right]}_{{\gamma}}^{{\gamma}}},$$
Consider the linear transformation $$\displaystyle{U}:{R}^{{3}}\rightarrow{R}^{{3}}$$ defined by $$\displaystyle{U}{\left({b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{a}{r}{r}{a}{y}\right\rbrace}{\left\lbrace{c}\right\rbrace}{x}\backslash{y}\backslash{z}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{a}{r}{r}{a}{y}\right\rbrace}\right)}={\left({b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{a}{r}{r}{a}{y}\right\rbrace}{\left\lbrace{c}\right\rbrace}{z}-{y}\backslash{z}+{y}\backslash{3}{z}-{x}-{y}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{a}{r}{r}{a}{y}\right\rbrace}\right)}$$ and the bases PSK\epsilon = \left\{ \left(\begin{array}{c}1\\ 0 \\0\end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c}0\\ 1 \\ 0\end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c}0\\ 0 \\ 1\end{array}\right) \right\}, \gamma = \left\{ \left(\begin{array}{c}1 - i\\ 1 + i \\ 1 \end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c} -1\\ 1 \\ 0\end{array}\right), \left(\begin{array}{c}0\\ 0 \\ 1\end{array}\right) \right\}, Compute the four coordinate matrices $$\displaystyle{{\left[{U}\right]}_{{\epsilon}}^{{\epsilon}}},{{\left[{U}\right]}_{{\gamma}}^{{\epsilon}}}$$
Give a full correct answer for given question 1- Let W be the set of all polynomials $$\displaystyle{a}+{b}{t}+{c}{t}^{{2}}\in{P}_{{{2}}}$$ such that $$\displaystyle{a}+{b}+{c}={0}$$ Show that W is a subspace of $$\displaystyle{P}_{{{2}}},$$ find a basis for W, and then find dim(W) 2 - Find two different bases of $$\displaystyle{R}^{{{2}}}$$ so that the coordinates of $$\displaystyle{b}={b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}{5}\backslash{3}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}$$ are both (2,1) in the coordinate system defined by these two bases
Since we will be using various bases and the coordinate systems they define, let's review how we translate between coordinate systems. a. Suppose that we have a basis$$\displaystyle{B}={\left\lbrace{v}_{{1}},{v}_{{2}},\ldots,{v}_{{m}}\right\rbrace}{f}{\quad\text{or}\quad}{R}^{{m}}$$. Explain what we mean by the representation {x}g of a vector x in the coordinate system defined by B. b. If we are given the representation $$\displaystyle{\left\lbrace{x}\right\rbrace}_{{B}},$$ how can we recover the vector x? c. If we are given the vector x, how can we find $$\displaystyle{\left\lbrace{x}\right\rbrace}_{{B}}$$? d. Suppose that BE is a basis for R^2. If {x}_B = \begin{bmatrix}1 \\ -2 \end{bmatrix}ZSK find the vector x. e. If $$\displaystyle{x}={b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}{2}\backslash-{4}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}{f}\in{d}{\left\lbrace{x}\right\rbrace}_{{B}}$$
A random sample of $$\displaystyle{n}_{{1}}={16}$$ communities in western Kansas gave the following information for people under 25 years of age.
$$\displaystyle{X}_{{1}}:$$ Rate of hay fever per 1000 population for people under 25
$$\begin{array}{|c|c|} \hline 97 & 91 & 121 & 129 & 94 & 123 & 112 &93\\ \hline 125 & 95 & 125 & 117 & 97 & 122 & 127 & 88 \\ \hline \end{array}$$
A random sample of $$\displaystyle{n}_{{2}}={14}$$ regions in western Kansas gave the following information for people over 50 years old.
$$\displaystyle{X}_{{2}}:$$ Rate of hay fever per 1000 population for people over 50
$$\begin{array}{|c|c|} \hline 94 & 109 & 99 & 95 & 113 & 88 & 110\\ \hline 79 & 115 & 100 & 89 & 114 & 85 & 96\\ \hline \end{array}$$
(i) Use a calculator to calculate $$\displaystyle\overline{{x}}_{{1}},{s}_{{1}},\overline{{x}}_{{2}},{\quad\text{and}\quad}{s}_{{2}}.$$ (Round your answers to two decimal places.)
(ii) Assume that the hay fever rate in each age group has an approximately normal distribution. Do the data indicate that the age group over 50 has a lower rate of hay fever? Use $$\displaystyle\alpha={0.05}.$$
(a) What is the level of significance?
State the null and alternate hypotheses.
$$\displaystyle{H}_{{0}}:\mu_{{1}}=\mu_{{2}},{H}_{{1}}:\mu_{{1}}<\mu_{{2}}$$
$$\displaystyle{H}_{{0}}:\mu_{{1}}=\mu_{{2}},{H}_{{1}}:\mu_{{1}}>\mu_{{2}}$$
$$\displaystyle{H}_{{0}}:\mu_{{1}}=\mu_{{2}},{H}_{{1}}:\mu_{{1}}\ne\mu_{{2}}$$
$$\displaystyle{H}_{{0}}:\mu_{{1}}>\mu_{{2}},{H}_{{1}}:\mu_{{1}}=\mu_{{12}}$$
(b) What sampling distribution will you use? What assumptions are you making?
The standard normal. We assume that both population distributions are approximately normal with known standard deviations.
The Student's t. We assume that both population distributions are approximately normal with unknown standard deviations,
The standard normal. We assume that both population distributions are approximately normal with unknown standard deviations,
The Student's t. We assume that both population distributions are approximately normal with known standard deviations,
What is the value of the sample test statistic? (Test the difference $$\displaystyle\mu_{{1}}-\mu_{{2}}$$. Round your answer to three decimalplaces.)
What is the value of the sample test statistic? (Test the difference $$\displaystyle\mu_{{1}}-\mu_{{2}}$$. Round your answer to three decimal places.)
(c) Find (or estimate) the P-value.
P-value $$\displaystyle>{0.250}$$
$$\displaystyle{0.125}<{P}-\text{value}<{0},{250}$$
$$\displaystyle{0},{050}<{P}-\text{value}<{0},{125}$$
$$\displaystyle{0},{025}<{P}-\text{value}<{0},{050}$$
$$\displaystyle{0},{005}<{P}-\text{value}<{0},{025}$$
P-value $$\displaystyle<{0.005}$$
Sketch the sampling distribution and show the area corresponding to the P-value.
P.vaiue Pevgiue
P-value f P-value
Consider the following vectors in $$\displaystyle{R}^{{4}}:$$ $$\displaystyle{v}_{{1}}={b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}{1}\backslash{1}\backslash{1}\backslash{1}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace},{v}_{{2}}={b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}{0}\backslash{1}\backslash{1}\backslash{1}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}{v}_{{3}}={b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}{0}\backslash{0}\backslash{1}\backslash{1}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace},{v}_{{4}}={b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}{0}\backslash{0}\backslash{0}\backslash{1}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{b}{m}{a}{t}{r}{i}{x}\right\rbrace}$$ a. Explain why $$\displaystyle{B}=\le{f}{t}{\left\lbrace{v}_{{1}},{v}_{{2}},{v}_{{3}},{v}_{{4}}{r}{i}{g}{h}{t}\right\rbrace}$$
forms a basis for $$\displaystyle{R}^{{4}}.$$ b. Explain how to convert $$\displaystyle\le{f}{t}{\left\lbrace{x}{r}{i}{g}{h}{t}\right\rbrace}_{{B}},$$ the representation of a vector x in the coordinates defined by B, into x, its representation in the standard coordinate system. c. Explain how to convert the vector x into,$$\displaystyle{\left\lbrace{x}\right\rbrace}_{{B}},$$ its representation in the coordinate system defined by B
The table below shows the number of people for three different race groups who were shot by police that were either armed or unarmed. These values are very close to the exact numbers. They have been changed slightly for each student to get a unique problem.
Suspect was Armed:
Black - 543
White - 1176
Hispanic - 378
Total - 2097
Suspect was unarmed:
Black - 60
White - 67
Hispanic - 38
Total - 165
Total:
Black - 603
White - 1243
Hispanic - 416
Total - 2262
Give your answer as a decimal to at least three decimal places.
a) What percent are Black?
b) What percent are Unarmed?
c) In order for two variables to be Independent of each other, the P $$(A and B) = P(A) \cdot P(B) P(A and B) = P(A) \cdot P(B).$$
This just means that the percentage of times that both things happen equals the individual percentages multiplied together (Only if they are Independent of each other).
Therefore, if a person's race is independent of whether they were killed being unarmed then the percentage of black people that are killed while being unarmed should equal the percentage of blacks times the percentage of Unarmed. Let's check this. Multiply your answer to part a (percentage of blacks) by your answer to part b (percentage of unarmed).
Remember, the previous answer is only correct if the variables are Independent.
d) Now let's get the real percent that are Black and Unarmed by using the table?
If answer c is "significantly different" than answer d, then that means that there could be a different percentage of unarmed people being shot based on race. We will check this out later in the course.
Let's compare the percentage of unarmed shot for each race.
e) What percent are White and Unarmed?
f) What percent are Hispanic and Unarmed?
If you compare answers d, e and f it shows the highest percentage of unarmed people being shot is most likely white.
Why is that?
This is because there are more white people in the United States than any other race and therefore there are likely to be more white people in the table. Since there are more white people in the table, there most likely would be more white and unarmed people shot by police than any other race. This pulls the percentage of white and unarmed up. In addition, there most likely would be more white and armed shot by police. All the percentages for white people would be higher, because there are more white people. For example, the table contains very few Hispanic people, and the percentage of people in the table that were Hispanic and unarmed is the lowest percentage.
Think of it this way. If you went to a college that was 90% female and 10% male, then females would most likely have the highest percentage of A grades. They would also most likely have the highest percentage of B, C, D and F grades
The correct way to compare is "conditional probability". Conditional probability is getting the probability of something happening, given we are dealing with just the people in a particular group.
g) What percent of blacks shot and killed by police were unarmed?
h) What percent of whites shot and killed by police were unarmed?
i) What percent of Hispanics shot and killed by police were unarmed?
You can see by the answers to part g and h, that the percentage of blacks that were unarmed and killed by police is approximately twice that of whites that were unarmed and killed by police.
j) Why do you believe this is happening?
Do a search on the internet for reasons why blacks are more likely to be killed by police. Read a few articles on the topic. Write your response using the articles as references. Give the websites used in your response. Your answer should be several sentences long with at least one website listed. This part of this problem will be graded after the due date.
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