# Recent questions in Correlation And Causation

Recent questions in Correlation And Causation
Freddy Friedman 2022-07-23

### Probability (independent?) eventsHi everyone I have a question about the following problem:Events for a family: ${A}_{1}$ = ski, ${A}_{2}=$= does not ski, ${B}_{1}$ = has children but none in 8-16, ${B}_{2}$ = has some children in 8-16, and ${B}_{3}$ = has no children. Also, $P\left({A}_{1}\right)=0.4$, $P\left({B}_{2}\right)=0.35$, $P\left({B}_{1}\right)=0.25$ and $P\left({A}_{1}\cap {B}_{1}\right)=0.075$, $P\left({A}_{1}\cap {B}_{2}\right)=0.245$. Find $P\left({A}_{1}\cap {B}_{1}\right)=0.075$.Here is my solution:Since P(A1 and B1) = 0.075, P(A2 and B1) = 0.25-0.075= 0.175. Also since P(A1 and B2) = 0.245, P(A2 and B2) = 0.35 - 0.245 = 0.105. From this we can find P(A2 and B3) which is 0.6-0.175-0.105 = 0.32. But when I use the formula for independent events formula $P\left({A}_{2}\cap B3\right)=P\left({A}_{2}\right)\ast P\left(B3\right)$ I get 0.24. Does this mean that the events are not independent? If so, how are these events not independent?

Israel Hale 2022-07-22

### Correlation and causation dataWhat are some real life examples (data) in which high correlation:1) implies causation2) doesn't imply causation.I know that there is a lot of data out there of weird correlations, like divorce rate and consuption of margarine, but the problem with this data is, that we don't really know if one is caused by the other, because nobody tested it, so we cannot strictly say that they're unrelated.

Lillie Pittman 2022-07-21

### Correlation of Rolling Two DiceIf A is a random variable responsible for calculating the sum of two independent rolls of a die, and B is the result of calculating the value of first roll minus the value second roll, is is true that A and B have a $cov\left(A,B\right)\ne 0$? In other words, is it true that they are correlated?I've come to the conclusion that they must be correlated because they are not independent, that is, the event of A can have an impact on event B, but I remain stuck due to the fact that causation does not necessarily imply correlation.I know that independence −> uncorrelation, but that the opposite isn't true.

Tamara Bryan 2022-07-20

### 1. In your own words, describe the difference between continuous and discrete data sets. 2. What is the difference between the independent and dependent variable? How do you determine which goes on which axis on your graph? 3. What are the four types of correlation?4. How do they differ from one another? 5. In your own words, explain the difference between correlation and causation.

wstecznyg5 2022-07-18

### What do we mean when we say that correlation does not imply causality? What are some of the ways in which an empirical analyst attempts to disentangle the two? Provide examples.

Libby Owens 2022-07-18

### Correlation: Concept to FormulaIn digital signal processing, we calculate the correlation between two discrete signals by multiplying corresponding samples of the two signals and then adding the products. Where does this process/formula for correlation come from?I understand the concept of correlation (similarity) between two signals. But I fail to understand how it translates to the formula that it does.All the texts I have seen so far start with this formula and explain cross correlation, auto correlation, etc. None of them attempt to explain how the formula was derived in the first place.

Shannon Andrews 2022-07-16