Data Modeling Examples and Frequently Asked Questions

Recent questions in Modeling data distributions
College StatisticsAnswered question
Emily-Jane Bray Emily-Jane Bray 2021-05-05


A random sample of n1=14 winter days in Denver gave a sample mean pollution index x1=43.
Previous studies show that σ1=19.
For Englewood (a suburb of Denver), a random sample of n2=12 winter days gave a sample mean pollution index of x2=37.
Previous studies show that σ2=13.
Assume the pollution index is normally distributed in both Englewood and Denver.
(a) State the null and alternate hypotheses.
H0:μ1=μ2.μ1>μ2
H0:μ1<μ2.μ1=μ2
H0:μ1=μ2.μ1<μ2
H0:μ1=μ2.μ1μ2
(b) What sampling distribution will you use? What assumptions are you making?

The Student's t. We assume that both population distributions are approximately normal with known standard deviations.
The standard normal. We assume that both population distributions are approximately normal with unknown standard deviations.
The standard normal. We assume that both population distributions are approximately normal with known standard deviations.
The Student's t. We assume that both population distributions are approximately normal with unknown standard deviations.
(c) What is the value of the sample test statistic? Compute the corresponding z or t value as appropriate.
(Test the difference μ1μ2. Round your answer to two decimal places.)

(d) Find (or estimate) the P-value. (Round your answer to four decimal places.)
(e) Based on your answers in parts (i)−(iii), will you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis? Are the data statistically significant at level α?
At the α=0.01 level, we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude the data are not statistically significant.
At the α=0.01 level, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude the data are statistically significant.
At the α=0.01 level, we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude the data are statistically significant.
At the α=0.01 level, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude the data are not statistically significant.
(f) Interpret your conclusion in the context of the application.
Reject the null hypothesis, there is insufficient evidence that there is a difference in mean pollution index for Englewood and Denver.
Reject the null hypothesis, there is sufficient evidence that there is a difference in mean pollution index for Englewood and Denver.
Fail to reject the null hypothesis, there is insufficient evidence that there is a difference in mean pollution index for Englewood and Denver.
Fail to reject the null hypothesis, there is sufficient evidence that there is a difference in mean pollution index for Englewood and Denver. (g) Find a 99% confidence interval for
μ1μ2.
(Round your answers to two decimal places.)
lower limit
upper limit
(h) Explain the meaning of the confidence interval in the context of the problem.
Because the interval contains only positive numbers, this indicates that at the 99% confidence level, the mean population pollution index for Englewood is greater than that of Denver.
Because the interval contains both positive and negative numbers, this indicates that at the 99% confidence level, we can not say that the mean population pollution index for Englewood is different than that of Denver.
Because the interval contains both positive and negative numbers, this indicates that at the 99% confidence level, the mean population pollution index for Englewood is greater than that of Denver.
Because the interval contains only negative numbers, this indicates that at the 99% confidence level, the mean population pollution index for Englewood is less than that of Denver.

College StatisticsAnswered question
Marvin Mccormick Marvin Mccormick 2021-03-11

An automobile tire manufacturer collected the data in the table relating tire pressure x​ (in pounds per square​ inch) and mileage​ (in thousands of​ miles). A mathematical model for the data is given by
f(x)=0.554x2+35.5x514.
xMileage28453051325634503646
​(A) Complete the table below.
xMileagef(x)28453051325634503646
​(Round to one decimal place as​ needed.)
A.20602060xf(x)
A coordinate system has a horizontal x-axis labeled from 20 to 60 in increments of 2 and a vertical y-axis labeled from 20 to 60 in increments of 2. Data points are plotted at (28,45), (30,51), (32,56), (34,50), and (36,46). A parabola opens downward and passes through the points (28,45.7), (30,52.4), (32,54.7), (34,52.6), and (36,46.0). All points are approximate.
B.20602060xf(x)
Acoordinate system has a horizontal x-axis labeled from 20 to 60 in increments of 2 and a vertical y-axis labeled from 20 to 60 in increments of 2.
Data points are plotted at (43,30), (45,36), (47,41), (49,35), and (51,31). A parabola opens downward and passes through the points (43,30.7), (45,37.4), (47,39.7), (49,37.6), and (51,31). All points are approximate.
C.20602060xf(x)
A coordinate system has a horizontal x-axis labeled from 20 to 60 in increments of 2 and a vertical y-axis labeled from 20 to 60 in increments of 2. Data points are plotted at (43,45), (45,51), (47,56), (49,50), and (51,46). A parabola opens downward and passes through the points (43,45.7), (45,52.4), (47,54.7), (49,52.6), and (51,46.0). All points are approximate.
D.20602060xf(x)
A coordinate system has a horizontal x-axis labeled from 20 to 60 in increments of 2 and a vertical y-axis labeled from 20 to 60 in increments of 2. Data points are plotted at (28,30), (30,36), (32,41), (34,35), and (36,31). A parabola opens downward and passes through the points (28,30.7), (30,37.4), (32,39.7), (34,37.6), and (36,31). All points are approximate.
​(C) Use the modeling function​ f(x) to estimate the mileage for a tire pressure of 29
lbssq. and for 35
lbssq.
The mileage for the tire pressure 29lbssq. is
The mileage for the tire pressure 35lbssq in. is
(Round to two decimal places as​ needed.)
(D) Write a brief description of the relationship between tire pressure and mileage.
A. As tire pressure​ increases, mileage decreases to a minimum at a certain tire​ pressure, then begins to increase.
B. As tire pressure​ increases, mileage decreases.
C. As tire pressure​ increases, mileage increases to a maximum at a certain tire​ pressure, then begins to decrease.
D. As tire pressure​ increases, mileage increases.

Statistics and probability also include various data modeling questions, which can be encountered basically everywhere from Social Sciences and Biology to Engineering and Data Science. Depending on your questions, you can receive immediate help by looking through the data modeling examples that we have presented below for you. These will help you to find solutions and find the answers to presented challenges. It is recommended to model your data carefully and to check things twice to ensure that everything is correct because accuracy is the key to any statistical work where a calculation is involved.