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Discrete mathAnswered question
Hugh Soto Hugh Soto 2022-09-04

Discrete math urn question without replacement.
An urn contains 30 purple gems, 25 green gems, 20 blue gems, 10 orange gems, and 5 red gems. Randomly picking 3 matching gems, without replacement, wins the game. What is the probability of picking the 3 winning purple, green, blue, orange and red gems respectively?
My method of calculation is not matching my simulation. They way I calculated the problem is as follows. I first listed out all possible winning outcomes by number of gems chosen for each color. There are 405 outcomes total as at least one color must have 3 gems and the pick of the remaining gems can be either 0,1 or 2. 3 to the power of 4 results in 81, multiplied by the 5 different colors (or positions if you will) gives us 405 different unique winning outcomes.
I then calculated the number of "ways" you can pick the order of the winning outcomes. For example there is only 1 way to pick 0 red, 0 blue, 0 green, 0 orange and 3 purple gems. While there is 3 ways to pick 0 purple, 0 green, 0 blue, 1 orange and 3 red gems. (ORRR, RORR, RROR)
Then I calculated the total hits. For example the total hits for picking 1 orange and 3 red is 600, ( 5 × 4 × 3 = 60 ) for the red hits multiplied by 10 for the orange hit. I then calculated the sample space by taking the permutation of the total number of gems by the number of gems picked. Dividing the total hits by the sample space and then multiplying by the number of "ways" results in my probability for each unique winning outcome. Summing the wins for each color gave me the following probabilities.
- Purple: 0.4530
- Green: 0.3132
- Blue: 0.1941
- Orange: 0.0355
- Red: 0.0042
I wrote a quick simulation in C# which gives me the following probabilities after 10 million sims (rounded to 4 decimal places).
- Purple: 0.4434
- Green: 0.3109
- Blue: 0.1971
- Orange: 0.0414
- Red: 0.0072

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