6. What are the differences between magnetism in 3d and 4f electrons of periodic tables? 7. exchange interaction is a quantum mechanical effect that only occurs between identical particles mention the type of materials that can be effected by and write the exchange interaction term in energy Hamiltonian? 8. What is Stoner Criterion? Write the formula and describe its effect in ferromagnetism?

Alessandra Cummings

Alessandra Cummings

Answered question

2022-10-16

6. What are the differences between magnetism in 3d and 4f electrons of periodic tables? 7. exchange interaction is a quantum mechanical effect that only occurs between identical particles mention the type of materials that can be effected by and write the exchange interaction term in energy Hamiltonian? 8. What is Stoner Criterion? Write the formula and describe its effect in ferromagnetism?

Answer & Explanation

bargeolonakc

bargeolonakc

Beginner2022-10-17Added 16 answers

Step 1
Given :
Note: This is a multiple type question. So answer for first question is providing below. Please post the other questions as separate questions.
Asked to explain the difference between magnetism of 3d and 3f electrons in the periodic table.
Step 2
The ability of d electrons to contribute to bonding is affected by the contraction of orbitals. The 3d electrons overlap weakly with neighbors resulting in a weak bonding. At this point valance electrons start unpairing and the electrons becomes magnetic.
The f electrons are mainly ferromagnetic in nature.

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