How important are birdies (a score of one under par on a given golf hole)...

Given: ${\displaystyle n=\text{Sample size}=63}$ a) Birdies is on the horizontal axis and Score is on the vertical axis. b) It is reasonable to find a regression lien for the data if there is no strong curvature present in the scatterplot. We note that there is no strong curvature in the scatterplot of part (a) and thus it is reasonable to find a regression line for the data. c) Let us first determine the necessary sums: ${\displaystyle \sum x_i=570}$
${\displaystyle \sum x_i^2=5646}$
${\displaystyle \sum y_i=18717}$
${\displaystyle \sum x_i{y}_i=168943}$ Next, we can determine ${\displaystyle S_{xx}}$ and ${\displaystyle S_{xy}}$
${\displaystyle S_{xx}=\sum x_i^2-\frac{{(\sum x_i)}^2}{n}=5646-\frac{{570}^2}{63}=488.8751}$
${\displaystyle S_{xy}=\sum x_i{y}_i-\frac{(\sum x_i)(\sum y_i)}{n}=168943-\frac{570\cdot 18717}{63}=-401.2857}$ The estimate b of the slope ${\displaystyle \beta }$ is the ratio of ${\displaystyle S_{xy}}$ and ${\displaystyle S_{xx}}$: ${\displaystyle b=\frac{S_{xy}}{S_{xx}}=\frac{-401.2857}{488.8751}=-0.8209}$ The mean is the sum of all values divided by the number of values: ${\displaystyle \bar{x}=\frac{\sum x_i}{n}=\frac{570}{63}=9.0476}$
${\displaystyle \bar{y}=\frac{\sum y_i}{n}=\frac{18717}{63}=297.0952}$ The estimate a of the intercept ${\displaystyle \alpha }$ is the average of y decreased by the product of the estimate of the slope and the average of x. ${\displaystyle a=\bar{y}-b\bar{x}=297.0952-(-0.8209)\cdot 9.0476=304.5221}$ General least-squares equation: ${\displaystyle \hat{y}=\alpha +\beta x}$. Replace ${\displaystyle \alpha }$ by ${\displaystyle a=304.5221}$ and ${\displaystyle \beta }$ by ${\displaystyle b=-0.8209}$ in the general least-squares equation: ${\displaystyle y=a+bx=304.5221+(-0.8209)x}$ d) There appear to be no outliers, because no points in the graph deviate strongly from the general pattern in the other points. There appear to be no influential observatioons, because all data values lie near the regression line. e) Not applicable, because we concluded that there are no potential outliers in part (d). f) Not applicable, because we concluded that there are no potential outliers in part (d).