# Geometry -concepts and properties for SSC CGL Tier-I Geometry is one of the most important topics of Quantitative Aptitude section of SSC CGL exam. It includes various concepts related to lines, angles, triangles, circles, polygons and so on. So, today I will just discuss concept and properties of triangle. Always remember that in Geometry, You need a very basic understanding. Cramming is not gonna help you anywhere.

Question
Geometry -concepts and properties for SSC CGL Tier-I Geometry is one of the most important topics of Quantitative Aptitude section of SSC CGL exam. It includes various concepts related to lines, angles, triangles, circles, polygons and so on. So, today I will just discuss concept and properties of triangle. Always remember that in Geometry, You need a very basic understanding. Cramming is not gonna help you anywhere.

2021-04-21

## Triangles

Triangle = Figure with three sides.  Study the following triangle: A,B,C to points. a, b, c to sides. x, y, z to angles.

Perimeter of triangle = a + b + c
Remember that, Sum of all the angles is always 180^o
i.e. x + y + z = 180^o

### Classification of Triangles

Basically there are three types of triangles excluding right angle triangle. Let me tell you how they vary from each other.

• Scalene Triangle
• Isosceles Triangle
• Equilateral Triangle

Scalene Triangle: No side of triangle is equal.
Isosceles Triangle: Two sides of triangle are equal.
Equilateral Triangle: All sides of triangle are equal.

 Scalene Isosceles Equilateral Definition a ne b ne c ane b = c a = b = c Area A (b/4) sqrt{4a^2 – b^2} (3)^(1/2)(a^2)/4 Height - sqrt{(4a^2-b^2) /2} (3)^(1/2)a/2

A = {s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)}^{1/2}
where, s = (a+ b+ c)/2

### Properties of external angles of Triangle:

1. Sum of all exterior angles is 360^o
Study the following set of triangles and their exterior angles,

a, b, c to Interior angles. p, q, r and s, t, u to Exterior angles.
So, sum of exterior angles = 360^o i.e. p + q + r = 360^o and s + t + u = 360^o
2. Next property of exterior angle which is important in paper point of view:

External angle = Sum of two internal angles.

For example: In above figures,
r = a + b
q = a + c
s = b + c and so on.

## Right angle Triangle

Following triangle is a right angle triangle i.e. a triangle with one out of three 90^o angle.

### Area of right angle triangle

Area = 1/2 times Base times Perpendicular

### Example with Solution

Example: In following figure, CE is perpendicular to AB, angle ACE = 20^o and angle ABD = 50^o. Find angle BDA:

Solution: To Find: angle BDA
For this what we need --- angle BAD  Because, Sum of all angles = 180 ^o
Consider, triangle ECA,
CEA + EAC + ACE = 180^o i.e. 90^o + 20^o + EAC = 180^o Therefore, EAC = 70^o
Now, come to triangle ABD,
ABD + BDA + BAD = 180^o  70^o + 50^o + BAD = 180^o Therefore, BAD = 60^o
Example: In given figure. BC is produced to D and angle BAC = 40^o and angle ABC = 70^o. Find angle ACD:

Solution: In above figure, ACD is an exterior angle, and according to property, Exterior angle = Sum of interior angles Therefore, ACD = 70^o + 40^o =110^o
This is not the end of this chapter. These are just the basics. In next session, I will discuss some important results, properties (congruency, similarity) and much more. Always remember, Geometry needs practice and time.

### Relevant Questions

Important questions of Geometry for SSC CGL Tier I In my previous session, I have discussed some concepts related to triangles. Today I will discuss some important questions of Geometry which used to appear in SSC exams. Generally, questions asked from this section are based on properties of various shapes like lines, angles, triangles, rhombus, circles etc.
Average: Basic Understanding and Properties Today I'm going to start a new topic of quantitative aptitude i.e. Average. It is a very simple topic and just involves simple mathematical calculations. Average concept has various applications. I will discuss its applications in next session. Firstly I will try to make you understand the basics of this topic.
Important Questions of Mensuration: Quantitative Aptitude Mensuration is one the toughest topic of quantitative aptitude section. The only thing is it takes time to analyze the question. Rest is just clarification and formula learning ability of candidate. This chapter is a part of quantitative aptitude section of SSC CGL and SBI PO. Today I will discuss some questions related to basic terms of mensuration.
Basic facts and techniques of Boats and Streams of Quantitative Aptitude Boats and Streams is a part of the Quantitative aptitude section. This is just a logical extension of motion in a straight line. One or two questions are asked from this chapter in almost every exam. Today I will tell you some important facts and terminologies which will help you to make better understanding about this topic.
Solved examples of number series in Quantitative aptitude As we know, questions related to number series are very important in Quantitative aptitude section, So, today I’m going to discuss some problems of number series. These are just for your practice. I have already discussed this chapter in previous session i.e. Sequence and Series. Read this article first, then go through these examples.
Simple or linear Equations: Tricks and Examples. I have already discussed a concept - Quadratic Equations of quantitative aptitude. Today I will discuss some examples of simple equations which have been proved to be a very important topic for various competitive exams. The problems of linear equations can be easily solved by using simple tricks. Lets discuss how.
Tricks to solve problems related to Series in Quantitative Aptitude Today, I'm going to discuss a very important topic of Quantitative aptitude i.e. Sequence and Series. Sequence and Series is a mathematical concept and basically it is a logical concept.
Trigonometry is one of the most interesting chapters of Quantitative Aptitude section. Basically, it is a part of SSC syllabus. Today I will tell you the easy method to learn all the basics of trigonometry i.e. Trigonometric Ratios, facts and formulas.
Time and Work: Techniques and examples with solutions Today I'm going to discuss a very important topic i.e. Time and Work of quantitative aptitude. In almost every exam at least 2-3 question are asked every time. In this chapter, I will tell you about a definite relationship between Time and work and easy method to solve the problems.
The table below shows the number of people for three different race groups who were shot by police that were either armed or unarmed. These values are very close to the exact numbers. They have been changed slightly for each student to get a unique problem.
Suspect was Armed:
Black - 543
White - 1176
Hispanic - 378
Total - 2097
Suspect was unarmed:
Black - 60
White - 67
Hispanic - 38
Total - 165
Total:
Black - 603
White - 1243
Hispanic - 416
Total - 2262
Give your answer as a decimal to at least three decimal places.
a) What percent are Black?
b) What percent are Unarmed?
c) In order for two variables to be Independent of each other, the P $$(A and B) = P(A) \cdot P(B) P(A and B) = P(A) \cdot P(B).$$
This just means that the percentage of times that both things happen equals the individual percentages multiplied together (Only if they are Independent of each other).
Therefore, if a person's race is independent of whether they were killed being unarmed then the percentage of black people that are killed while being unarmed should equal the percentage of blacks times the percentage of Unarmed. Let's check this. Multiply your answer to part a (percentage of blacks) by your answer to part b (percentage of unarmed).
Remember, the previous answer is only correct if the variables are Independent.
d) Now let's get the real percent that are Black and Unarmed by using the table?
If answer c is "significantly different" than answer d, then that means that there could be a different percentage of unarmed people being shot based on race. We will check this out later in the course.
Let's compare the percentage of unarmed shot for each race.
e) What percent are White and Unarmed?
f) What percent are Hispanic and Unarmed?
If you compare answers d, e and f it shows the highest percentage of unarmed people being shot is most likely white.
Why is that?
This is because there are more white people in the United States than any other race and therefore there are likely to be more white people in the table. Since there are more white people in the table, there most likely would be more white and unarmed people shot by police than any other race. This pulls the percentage of white and unarmed up. In addition, there most likely would be more white and armed shot by police. All the percentages for white people would be higher, because there are more white people. For example, the table contains very few Hispanic people, and the percentage of people in the table that were Hispanic and unarmed is the lowest percentage.
Think of it this way. If you went to a college that was 90% female and 10% male, then females would most likely have the highest percentage of A grades. They would also most likely have the highest percentage of B, C, D and F grades
The correct way to compare is "conditional probability". Conditional probability is getting the probability of something happening, given we are dealing with just the people in a particular group.
g) What percent of blacks shot and killed by police were unarmed?
h) What percent of whites shot and killed by police were unarmed?
i) What percent of Hispanics shot and killed by police were unarmed?
You can see by the answers to part g and h, that the percentage of blacks that were unarmed and killed by police is approximately twice that of whites that were unarmed and killed by police.
j) Why do you believe this is happening?
Do a search on the internet for reasons why blacks are more likely to be killed by police. Read a few articles on the topic. Write your response using the articles as references. Give the websites used in your response. Your answer should be several sentences long with at least one website listed. This part of this problem will be graded after the due date.
...