Let r=r(t) and theta=theta(t) with r(t)>0. Let x(t)=r(t)cos(theta(t)) and y(t)=r(t)sin(theta(t)) . Prove that (d theta)/(dt)=1/(x^2+y^2)(x(dy)/(dt)−y(dx)/(dt))

Arectemieryf0

Arectemieryf0

Answered question

2022-07-21

Let r = r ( t ) and θ = θ ( t ) with r ( t ) > 0. Let x ( t ) = r ( t ) cos ( θ ( t ) ) and y ( t ) = r ( t ) sin ( θ ( t ) ) . Prove that d θ d t = 1 x 2 + y 2 ( x d y d t y d x d t )
The hint is to use y ( t ) / x ( t ) and use implicit differentiation but I can't see how to use that hint to solve this problem.

Answer & Explanation

Tristan Pittman

Tristan Pittman

Beginner2022-07-22Added 14 answers

We have
y ( t ) x ( t ) = tan ( θ ( t ) ) .
Now differentiate both sides with respect to t. On the left-hand side, you can differentiate y ( t ) / x ( t ) using the quotient rule. But on the other side we need to use the chain rule. We have
d d t tan ( θ ( t ) ) = 1 cos 2 ( θ ( t ) ) × d θ d t .
Now rearrange for d θ d t .

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