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Consider p and q be any nonzero element of R. therefore, pq+pq+pq+...n×=n⋅(pq) =(n×p)×q =p(n×q) Since, n×p=0 (n×p)q=0 p(n×q)=0 With no zero divisiors, n×q=0, therefore, and if the pq+pq+pq+...m×=m⋅(pq) =(m⋅p)⋅q =p(m⋅q) and, m⋅q=0 (m⋅p)⋅q=0 p(m⋅q)=0 with no zero divisors, , m⋅q=0 Therefore, n≤mandm≤n
If a is an idempotent in a commutative ring, show that 1−a is also an idempotent.
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Let × be a binary operation on set of rational number Q defined as follows: a⋅b=a+b+2ab, where a,b∈Q a) Prove that × is commutative, associate algebraic operation on Q
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