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# The following table shows the approximate average household income in the United States in 1990, 1995, and 2003. (t=0 represents 1990.) begin{array}{|c|c|}hline text{t(Year)} & 0 & 5 & 13 hline text{H(Household Income in} $1,000) & 30 & 35 & 43 hline end{array} Which of the following kinds of models would best fit the given data? Explain your choice of model. ( a, b, c, and m are constants.) a) Linear: H(t)=mb + b b) Quadratic: H(t)=at^{2} + bt + c c) Exponential: H(t)=Ab^{t} Question Exponential models asked 2020-12-24 The following table shows the approximate average household income in the United States in 1990, 1995, and 2003. ($$\displaystyle{t}={0}$$ represents 1990.) $$\displaystyle{b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{a}{r}{r}{a}{y}\right\rbrace}{\left\lbrace{\left|{c}\right|}{c}{\mid}\right\rbrace}{h}{l}\in{e}\text{t(Year)}&{0}&{5}&{13}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}\text{H(Household Income in}\ \{1},{000}{)}&{30}&{35}&{43}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{a}{r}{r}{a}{y}\right\rbrace}$$ Which of the following kinds of models would best fit the given data? Explain your choice of model. ( a, b, c, and m are constants.) a) Linear: $$\displaystyle{H}{\left({t}\right)}={m}{b}\ +\ {b}$$ b) Quadratic: $$\displaystyle{H}{\left({t}\right)}={a}{t}^{{{2}}}\ +\ {b}{t}\ +\ {c}$$ c) Exponential: $$\displaystyle{H}{\left({t}\right)}={A}{b}^{{{t}}}$$ ## Answers (1) 2020-12-25 Step 1 Plot the points on acoordinate system. Scetching the various models and their characteristics (see below), we find that the linear model would be best for this data set. Step 2 not exponential, because the rate of rising does not seem to change. Not quadratic, because there are no "dips" or "bulges" to account for minimum/maximum values. ### Relevant Questions asked 2020-11-08 The following table lists the reported number of cases of infants born in the United States with HIV in recent years because their mother was infected. Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. $$\displaystyle{b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{a}{r}{r}{a}{y}\right\rbrace}{\left\lbrace{\left|{c}\right|}{c}{\mid}\right\rbrace}{h}{l}\in{e}\text{Year}&\text{amp, Cases}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{1995}&{a}\mp,\ {295}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{1997}&{a}\mp,\ {166}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{1999}&{a}\mp,\ {109}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{2001}&{a}\mp,\ {115}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{2003}&{a}\mp,\ {94}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{2005}&{a}\mp,\ {107}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{2007}&{a}\mp,\ {79}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{a}{r}{r}{a}{y}\right\rbrace}$$ a) Plot the data on a graphing calculator, letting $$\displaystyle{t}={0}$$ correspond to the year 1995. b) Using the regression feature on your calculator, find a quadratic, a cubic, and an exponential function that models this data. c) Plot the three functions with the data on the same coordinate axes. Which function or functions best capture the behavior of the data over the years plotted? d) Find the number of cases predicted by all three functions for 20152015. Which of these are realistic? Explain. asked 2021-01-31 The table gives the midyear population of Japan, in thousands, from 1960 to 2010. $$\displaystyle{b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{a}{r}{r}{a}{y}\right\rbrace}{\left\lbrace{\left|{c}\right|}{c}{\mid}\right\rbrace}{h}{l}\in{e}\text{Year}&\text{Population}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{1960}&{94.092}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{1965}&{98.883}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{1970}&{104.345}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{1975}&{111.573}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{1980}&{116.807}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{1985}&{120.754}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{1990}&{123.537}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{1995}&{125.327}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{2000}&{126.776}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{2005}&{127.715}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{2010}&{127.579}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{a}{r}{r}{a}{y}\right\rbrace}$$ Use a calculator to fit both an exponential function and a logistic function to these data. Graph the data points and both functions, and comment on the accuracy of the models. [Hint: Subtract 94,000 from each of the population figures. Then, after obtaining a model from your calculator, add 94,000 to get your final model. It might be helpful to choose $$\displaystyle{t}={0}$$ to correspond to 1960 or 1980.] asked 2020-11-30 The table gives the midyear population of Norway, in thousands, from 1960 to 2010. $$\displaystyle{b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{a}{r}{r}{a}{y}\right\rbrace}{\left\lbrace{\left|{c}\right|}{c}{\mid}\right\rbrace}{h}{l}\in{e}\text{Year}&\text{Population}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{1960}&{3581}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{1965}&{3723}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{1970}&{3877}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{1975}&{4007}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{1980}&{4086}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{1985}&{4152}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{1990}&{4242}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{1995}&{4359}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{2000}&{4492}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{2005}&{4625}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{2010}&{4891}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{a}{r}{r}{a}{y}\right\rbrace}$$ Use a calculator to fit both an exponential function and a logistic function to these data. Graph the data points and both functions, and comment on the accuracy of the models. [Hint: Subtract 3500 from each of the population figures. Then, after obtaining a model from your calculator, add 3500 to get your final model. It might be helpful to choose $$\displaystyle{t}={0}$$ to correspond to 1960.] asked 2021-01-06 In addition to quadratic and exponential models, another common type of model is called a power model. Power models are models in the form $$\displaystyle\hat{{{y}}}={a}\ \cdot\ {x}^{{{p}}}$$. Here are data on the eight planets of our solar system. Distance from the sun is measured in astronomical units (AU), the average distance Earth is from the sun. $$\displaystyle{b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{a}{r}{r}{a}{y}\right\rbrace}{\left\lbrace{\left|{c}\right|}{c}{\mid}\right\rbrace}{h}{l}\in{e}\ \text{ Planet }\ &\ \text{ Distance from sun }\ &\text{(astronomical units) }\ &\ \text{ Period of revolution }\ &\text{(Earth years) }\ \backslash{h}{l}\in{e}\ \text{ Mercury }\ &{0.387}&{0.241}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}\ \text{ Venus }\ &{0.723}&{0.615}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}\ \text{ Earth }\ &{1.000}&{1.000}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}\ \text{ Mars }\ &{1.524}&{1.881}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}\ \text{ Jupiter }\ &{5.203}&{11.862}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}\ \text{ Saturn }\ &{9.539}&{29.456}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}\ \text{ Uranus }\ &{19.191}&{84.070}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}\ \text{ Neptune }\ &{30.061}&{164.810}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{a}{r}{r}{a}{y}\right\rbrace}$$ Calculate and interpret the residual for Neptune. asked 2021-01-07 The U.S. Census Bureau publishes information on the population of the United States in Current Population Reports. The following table gives the resident U.S. population, in millions of persons, for the years 1990-2009. Forecast the U.S. population in the years 2010 and 2011 PSK\begin{array}{|c|c|} \hline \text{Year} & \text{Population (millions)} \\ \hline 1990 & 250 \\ \hline 1991 & 253\\ \hline 1992 & 257\\ \hline 1993 & 260\\ \hline 1994 & 263\\ \hline 1995 & 266\\ \hline 1996 & 269\\ \hline 1997 & 273\\ \hline 1998 & 276\\ \hline 1999 & 279\\ \hline 2000 & 282\\ \hline 2001 & 285\\ \hline 2002 & 288\\ \hline 2003 & 290\\ \hline 2004 & 293\\ \hline 2005 & 296\\ \hline 2006 & 299\\ \hline 2007 & 302\\ \hline 2008 & 304\\ \hline 2009 & 307\\ \hline \end{array}ZSK a) Obtain a scatterplot for the data. b) Find and interpret the regression equation. c) Mace the specified forecasts. asked 2021-01-19 The annual sales S (in millions of dollars) for the Perrigo Company from 2004 through 2010 are shown in the table. $$\displaystyle{b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{a}{r}{r}{a}{y}\right\rbrace}{\left\lbrace{\left|{c}\right|}{c}{\mid}\right\rbrace}{h}{l}\in{e}\text{Year}&{2004}&{2005}&{2006}&{2007}&{2008}&{2009}&{2010}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}\text{Sales, S}&{898.2}&{1024.1}&{1366.8}&{1447.4}&{1822.1}&{2006.9}&{2268.9}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{a}{r}{r}{a}{y}\right\rbrace}$$ a) Use a graphing utility to create a scatter plot of the data. Let t represent the year, with $$\displaystyle{t}={4}$$ corresponding to 2004. b) Use the regression feature of the graphing utility to find an exponential model for the data. Use the Inverse Property $$\displaystyle{b}={e}^{{{\ln{\ }}{b}}}$$ to rewrite the model as an exponential model in base e. c) Use the regression feature of the graphing utility to find a logarithmic model for the data. d) Use the exponential model in base e and the logarithmic model to predict sales in 2011. It is projected that sales in 2011 will be$2740 million. Do the predictions from the two models agree with this projection? Explain.
asked 2021-02-18
For the following exercises, use a graphing utility to create a scatter diagram of the data given in the table. Observe the shape of the scatter diagram to determine whether the data is best described by an exponential, logarithmic, or logistic model. Then use the appropriate regression feature to find an equation that models the data. When necessary, round values to five decimal places.
$$\displaystyle{b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{a}{r}{r}{a}{y}\right\rbrace}{\left\lbrace{\left|{c}\right|}{c}{\mid}\right\rbrace}{h}{l}\in{e}{x}&{1}&{2}&{3}&{4}&{5}&{6}&{7}&{8}&{9}&{10}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{f{{\left({x}\right)}}}&{409.4}&{260.7}&{170.4}&{110.6}&{74}&{44.7}&{32.4}&{19.5}&{12.7}&{8.1}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{a}{r}{r}{a}{y}\right\rbrace}$$
asked 2021-03-11
An automobile tire manufacturer collected the data in the table relating tire pressure x​ (in pounds per square​ inch) and mileage​ (in thousands of​ miles). A mathematical model for the data is given by
$$\displaystyle​ f{{\left({x}\right)}}=-{0.554}{x}^{2}+{35.5}{x}-{514}.$$
$$\begin{array}{|c|c|} \hline x & Mileage \\ \hline 28 & 45 \\ \hline 30 & 51\\ \hline 32 & 56\\ \hline 34 & 50\\ \hline 36 & 46\\ \hline \end{array}$$
​(A) Complete the table below.
$$\begin{array}{|c|c|} \hline x & Mileage & f(x) \\ \hline 28 & 45 \\ \hline 30 & 51\\ \hline 32 & 56\\ \hline 34 & 50\\ \hline 36 & 46\\ \hline \end{array}$$
​(Round to one decimal place as​ needed.)
$$A. 20602060xf(x)$$
A coordinate system has a horizontal x-axis labeled from 20 to 60 in increments of 2 and a vertical y-axis labeled from 20 to 60 in increments of 2. Data points are plotted at (28,45), (30,51), (32,56), (34,50), and (36,46). A parabola opens downward and passes through the points (28,45.7), (30,52.4), (32,54.7), (34,52.6), and (36,46.0). All points are approximate.
$$B. 20602060xf(x)$$
Acoordinate system has a horizontal x-axis labeled from 20 to 60 in increments of 2 and a vertical y-axis labeled from 20 to 60 in increments of 2.
Data points are plotted at (43,30), (45,36), (47,41), (49,35), and (51,31). A parabola opens downward and passes through the points (43,30.7), (45,37.4), (47,39.7), (49,37.6), and (51,31). All points are approximate.
$$C. 20602060xf(x)$$
A coordinate system has a horizontal x-axis labeled from 20 to 60 in increments of 2 and a vertical y-axis labeled from 20 to 60 in increments of 2. Data points are plotted at (43,45), (45,51), (47,56), (49,50), and (51,46). A parabola opens downward and passes through the points (43,45.7), (45,52.4), (47,54.7), (49,52.6), and (51,46.0). All points are approximate.
$$D.20602060xf(x)$$
A coordinate system has a horizontal x-axis labeled from 20 to 60 in increments of 2 and a vertical y-axis labeled from 20 to 60 in increments of 2. Data points are plotted at (28,30), (30,36), (32,41), (34,35), and (36,31). A parabola opens downward and passes through the points (28,30.7), (30,37.4), (32,39.7), (34,37.6), and (36,31). All points are approximate.
​(C) Use the modeling function​ f(x) to estimate the mileage for a tire pressure of 29
$$\displaystyle​\frac{{{l}{b}{s}}}{{{s}{q}}}\in.$$ and for 35
$$\displaystyle​\frac{{{l}{b}{s}}}{{{s}{q}}}\in.$$
The mileage for the tire pressure $$\displaystyle{29}\frac{{{l}{b}{s}}}{{{s}{q}}}\in.$$ is
The mileage for the tire pressure $$\displaystyle{35}\frac{{{l}{b}{s}}}{{{s}{q}}}$$ in. is
(Round to two decimal places as​ needed.)
(D) Write a brief description of the relationship between tire pressure and mileage.
A. As tire pressure​ increases, mileage decreases to a minimum at a certain tire​ pressure, then begins to increase.
B. As tire pressure​ increases, mileage decreases.
C. As tire pressure​ increases, mileage increases to a maximum at a certain tire​ pressure, then begins to decrease.
D. As tire pressure​ increases, mileage increases.
asked 2021-02-09
The table gives the number of active Twitter users worldwide, semiannually from 2010 to 2016. $$\displaystyle{b}{e}{g}\in{\left\lbrace{a}{r}{r}{a}{y}\right\rbrace}{\left\lbrace{\left|{c}\right|}{c}{\mid}\right\rbrace}{h}{l}\in{e}\text{Years since}&\text{January 1, 2010}&\text{Twitter user}&\text{(millions)}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{0}&{30}&{3.5}&{232}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{0.5}&{49}&{4.0}&{255}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{1.0}&{68}&{4.5}&{284}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{1.5}&{101}&{5.0}&{302}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{2.0}&{138}&{5.5}&{307}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{2.5}&{167}&{6.0}&{310}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{3.0}&{204}&{6.5}&{317}\backslash{h}{l}\in{e}{e}{n}{d}{\left\lbrace{a}{r}{r}{a}{y}\right\rbrace}$$ Use a calculator or computer to fit both an exponential function and a logistic function to these data. Graph the data points and both functions, and comment on the accuracy of the models.
asked 2020-11-08
The burial cloth of an Egyptian mummy is estimated to contain 560 g of the radioactive materialcarbon-14, which has a half life of 5730 years.
a. Complete the table below. Make sure you justify your answer by showing all the steps.
$$\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}\hline t(\text{in years})&m(\text{amoun of radioactive material})\\\hline0&\\\hline5730\\\hline11460\\\hline17190\\\hline\end{array}$$
b. Find an exponential function that models the amount of carbon-14 in the cloth, y, after t years. Make sure you justify your answer by showing all the steps.
c. If the burial cloth is estimated to contain 49.5% of the original amount of carbon-14, how long ago was the mummy buried. Give exact answer. Make sure you justify your answer by showing all the steps.
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