Power generation with a long, horizontal pipe, using atmospheric pressure differences Straight to t

Poiseuille's law will tell you that a pipe of 0.1 m diameter will achieve a flow velocity of around $v=0.1\mathrm{m}/\mathrm{s}$, which is actually more than I expected. For pipes a bit wider than this, the flow will be turbulent (Re>2200), for which you can't apply Poiseuille. For turbulent flow, you can look into the Darcy-Weisbach equation.
The interesting part is to what extent pipe-flow formulas can be applied to such a system.
One thing to consider is the influence of the Earth's rotation. Your pipe is horizontal, but you don't state whether it's aligned East-West or North-South and at what latitude. The Coriolis acceleration is $a=-2\mathrm{\Omega }\times v$, where $\mathrm{\Omega }=$7.3e-5 rad/s is the rotation speed of the Earth. This acceleration is always perpendicular to the pipe, no matter the orientation, so we can forget about it.
The next one is the centrifugal acceleration, $a={\mathrm{\Omega }}^{2}R$, where $R$ is the distance to the Earth's axis of rotation. With $R\sim {10}^6\mathrm{m}$, this could be somewhat significant ($a=0.005\mathrm{m}/{\mathrm{s}}^2$), but you have stated that the tube will follow the sea surface, which is already on a surface line of constant gravitational potential. So, no effect here either.
The difference in air temperature is not relevant either, also because the pipe is on a constant-potential surface; density differences will not lead to buoyant forces.
So, I don't think there are significant forces other than the pressure difference that would affect the flow rate.
And electricity generation you can forget about. The kinetic energy flow in an unrestricted pipe is $P=\pi \rho D^2{v}^3/8$, where $\rho$ is the density of air (1.3 kg/m3) and $D$ the pipe diameter. That's $P=4\mu \mathrm{W}$. And if you put a turbine in the tube, the flow speed will decrease even further.
In general, power-generation schemes where the pressure difference is a given (and available for free) do not benefit from attempts to channel the flow. The kinetic energy of the fluid mass passing through an otherwise unrestricted pipe is a hard upper limit for the amount of power that you can harvest. Any restriction in the pipe, such as nozzles, funnels, and turbines, can only decrease that power, never increase. Unfortunately, every now and then, someone comes up with variations of "funnel the wind into a pipe", tries to patent it and develop it into a product, only to discover that they cannot beat the efficiency of an unshrouded wind turbine for any definition of "efficiency" that matters for practical purposes.