The correct option is (A) Yes. The data were geenrated by a randomized experiment, less than 10% of the population was sampled, the groups are independent and there were more than 10 success and failiures in each group.
Assumptions mentioned above are the basic assumption for two sample test of proportion all which are satisfied in the following case and hence the correct option is (A)
Question
A new vaccine was tested to see if it could prevent the ear infections that many infants suffer from. Babies about a year old were randomly divided in
Answers (1)
2021-03-06
Relevant Questions
asked 2020-11-26
Use either the critical-value approach or the P-value approach to perform the required hypothesis test. For several years, evidence had been mounting that folic acid reduces major birth defects. A. Czeizel and I. Dudas of the National Institute of Hygiene in Budapest directed a study that provided the strongest evidence to date. Their results were published in the paper “Prevention of the First Occurrence of Neural-Tube Defects by Periconceptional Vitamin Supplementation” (New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 327(26), p. 1832). For the study, the doctors enrolled women prior to conception and divided them randomly into two groups. One group, consisting of 2701 women, took daily multivitamins containing 0.8 mg of folic acid, the other group, consisting of 2052 women, received only trace elements. Major birth defects occurred in 35 cases when the women took folic acid and in 47 cases when the women did not. a. At the 1% significance level, do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that women who take folic acid are at lesser risk of having children with major birth defects? b. Is this study a designed experiment or an observational study? Explain your answer. c. In view of your answers to parts (a) and (b), could you reasonably conclude that taking folic acid causes a reduction in major birth defects? Explain your answer.
asked 2021-02-02
Potential buyers for a new car were randomly divided into two groups. One group was shown the "A" version of an ad for the car, while the other group was shown the "B" version of the ad. All were then tested on their recall of key points made in the ad. The researcher should
run a hypothesis test based upon a comparison of means for ?
In another study, a healthcare insurance company took measures of subscribers’ cardiac (heart) health. The people were then provided an app for their phones which provided "nudges" and reminders about heart-healthy behaviors, such as eating more vegetables and less fried or fatty food, taking walks and breaks from sitting too long, and getting enough sleep. After 4 months of having the app, the cardiac health measures were taken again, with the objective of seeing if nudges from the app would result in decreased cardiac risk. The researcher should run a hypothesis test based on a comparison of means for?
In another study, a healthcare insurance company took measures of subscribers’ cardiac (heart) health. The people were then provided an app for their phones which provided "nudges" and reminders about heart-healthy behaviors, such as eating more vegetables and less fried or fatty food, taking walks and breaks from sitting too long, and getting enough sleep. After 4 months of having the app, the cardiac health measures were taken again, with the objective of seeing if nudges from the app would result in decreased cardiac risk. The researcher should run a hypothesis test based on a comparison of means for?
asked 2021-02-25
Give a full and correct answer
Why is it important that a sample be random and representative when conducting hypothesis testing?
Representative Sample vs. Random Sample: An Overview
Economists and researchers seek to reduce sampling bias to near negligible levels when employing statistical analysis. Three basic characteristics in a sample reduce the chances of sampling bias and allow economists to make more confident inferences about a general population from the results obtained from the sample analysis or study:
* Such samples must be representative of the chosen population studied.
* They must be randomly chosen, meaning that each member of the larger population has an equal chance of being chosen.
* They must be large enough so as not to skew the results. The optimal size of the sample group depends on the precise degree of confidence required for making an inference.
Representative sampling and random sampling are two techniques used to help ensure data is free of bias. These sampling techniques are not mutually exclusive and, in fact, they are often used in tandem to reduce the degree of sampling error in an analysis and allow for greater confidence in making statistical inferences from the sample in regard to the larger group.
Representative Sample
A representative sample is a group or set chosen from a larger statistical population or group of factors or instances that adequately replicates the larger group according to whatever characteristic or quality is under study.
A representative sample parallels key variables and characteristics of the large society under examination. Some examples include sex, age, education level, socioeconomic status (SES), or marital status. A larger sample size reduced sampling error and increases the likelihood that the sample accurately reflects the target population.
Random Sample
A random sample is a group or set chosen from a larger population or group of factors of instances in a random manner that allows for each member of the larger group to have an equal chance of being chosen. A random sample is meant to be an unbiased representation of the larger population. It is considered a fair way to select a sample from a larger population since every member of the population has an equal chance of getting selected.
Special Considerations:
People collecting samples need to ensure that bias is minimized. Representative sampling is one of the key methods of achieving this because such samples replicate as closely as possible elements of the larger population under study. This alone, however, is not enough to make the sampling bias negligible. Combining the random sampling technique with the representative sampling method reduces bias further because no specific member of the representative population has a greater chance of selection into the sample than any other.
Summarize this article in 250 words.
asked 2020-11-01
Identify the appropriate hypothesis test for each of the following research situations using the options: The null hypothesis, The Test Statistics, The Sample Statistic, The Standard Error, and The Alpha Level.
A researcher conducts a cross-sectional developmental study to determine whether there is a significant difference in vocabulary skills between 8-year-old and 10-year-old children. A researcher determines that 8% of the males enrolled in Introductory Psychology have some form of color blindness, compared to only 2% of the females. Is there a significant relationship between color blindness and gender?
A researcher records the daily sugar consumption and the activity level for each of 20 children enrolled in a summer camp program. The researcher would like to determine whether there is a significant relationship between sugar consumption and activity level.
A researcher would like to determine whether a 4-week therapy program produces significant changes in behavior. A group of 25 participants is measured before therapy, at the end of therapy, and again 3 months after therapy.
A researcher would like to determine whether a new program for teaching mathematics is significantly better than the old program. It is suspected that the new program will be very effective for small-group instruction but probably will not work well with large classes. The research study involves comparing four groups of students: a small class taught by the new method, a large class taught by the new method, a small class taught by the old method, and a large class taught by the old method.
A researcher conducts a cross-sectional developmental study to determine whether there is a significant difference in vocabulary skills between 8-year-old and 10-year-old children. A researcher determines that 8% of the males enrolled in Introductory Psychology have some form of color blindness, compared to only 2% of the females. Is there a significant relationship between color blindness and gender?
A researcher records the daily sugar consumption and the activity level for each of 20 children enrolled in a summer camp program. The researcher would like to determine whether there is a significant relationship between sugar consumption and activity level.
A researcher would like to determine whether a 4-week therapy program produces significant changes in behavior. A group of 25 participants is measured before therapy, at the end of therapy, and again 3 months after therapy.
A researcher would like to determine whether a new program for teaching mathematics is significantly better than the old program. It is suspected that the new program will be very effective for small-group instruction but probably will not work well with large classes. The research study involves comparing four groups of students: a small class taught by the new method, a large class taught by the new method, a small class taught by the old method, and a large class taught by the old method.
