Question

Question

Give a ffull answer its true or false: When an ANOVA comparing the means of 3 groups indicates that at least one group is different from the others, a

Answers (1)

2020-11-09

Solution: (i) is TRUE The pooled SD is used to compute the standard error of the difference used to compute multiple comparison tests. (ii) is too TRUE In statistics, the Bonferroni correction is one of several methods used to counteract the problem of multiple comparisons. Bonferroni correction= \(\displaystyle{\frac{{\alpha}}{{{m}}}}\)

\(\alpha=\) Significance Level
\(\displaystyle{m}=\) Number of groups (here 3) Then, Bonferroni correction = \(\displaystyle={\frac{{{0.05}}}{{{3}}}}\)

\(={0.0167}\)

Therefore, It is TRUE, a Bonferonni-corrected alpha level of 0.0167 to control the type I error rate for the overall inference to 5%.

Relevant Questions

asked 2020-12-25

True // False: comparing means. Determine if the following statements are true or false, and explain your reasoning for statements you identify as false.
(a) When comparing means of two samples where \(n_{1} = 20\)
and \(n_{2} = 40\),
we can use the normal model for the difference in means since \(n_{2} \geq 30.\)
(b) As the degrees of freedom increases, the t-distribution approaches normality.
(c) We use a pooled standard error for calculating the standard error of the difference between means when sample sizes of groups are equal to each other.

See answers (1)

asked 2021-06-13

1. Who seems to have more variability in their shoe sizes, men or women?
a) Men
b) Women
c) Neither group show variability
d) Flag this Question
2. In general, why use the estimate of \(n-1\) rather than n in the computation of the standard deviation and variance?
a) The estimate n-1 is better because it is used for calculating the population variance and standard deviation
b) The estimate n-1 is never used to calculate the sample variance and standard deviation
c) \(n-1\) provides an unbiased estimate of the population and allows more variability when using a sample and gives a better mathematical estimate of the population
d) The estimate n-1 is better because it is use for calculation of both the population and sample variance as well as standard deviation.
\(\begin{array}{|c|c|}\hline \text{Shoe Size (in cm)} & \text{Gender (M of F)} \\ \hline 25.7 & M \\ \hline 25.4 & F \\ \hline 23.8 & F \\ \hline 25.4 & F \\ \hline 26.7 & M \\ \hline 23.8 & F \\ \hline 25.4 & F \\ \hline 25.4 & F \\ \hline 25.7 & M \\ \hline 25.7 & F \\ \hline 23.5 & F \\ \hline 23.1 & F \\ \hline 26 & M \\ \hline 23.5 & F \\ \hline 26.7 & F \\ \hline 26 & M \\ \hline 23.1 & F \\ \hline 25.1 & F \\ \hline 27 & M \\ \hline 25.4 & F \\ \hline 23.5 & F \\ \hline 23.8 & F \\ \hline 27 & M \\ \hline 25.7 & F \\ \hline \end{array}\)
\(\begin{array}{|c|c|}\hline \text{Shoe Size (in cm)} & \text{Gender (M of F)} \\ \hline 27.6 & M \\ \hline 26.9 & F \\ \hline 26 & F \\ \hline 28.4 & M \\ \hline 23.5 & F \\ \hline 27 & F \\ \hline 25.1 & F \\ \hline 28.4 & M \\ \hline 23.1 & F \\ \hline 23.8 & F \\ \hline 26 & F \\ \hline 25.4 & M \\ \hline 23.8 & F \\ \hline 24.8 & M \\ \hline 25.1 & F \\ \hline 24.8 & F \\ \hline 26 & M \\ \hline 25.4 & F \\ \hline 26 & M \\ \hline 27 & M \\ \hline 25.7 & F \\ \hline 27 & M \\ \hline 23.5 & F \\ \hline 29 & F \\ \hline \end{array}\)

See answers (1)

asked 2021-02-25

Give a full and correct answer Why is it important that a sample be random and representative when conducting hypothesis testing? Representative Sample vs. Random Sample: An Overview Economists and researchers seek to reduce sampling bias to near negligible levels when employing statistical analysis. Three basic characteristics in a sample reduce the chances of sampling bias and allow economists to make more confident inferences about a general population from the results obtained from the sample analysis or study: * Such samples must be representative of the chosen population studied. * They must be randomly chosen, meaning that each member of the larger population has an equal chance of being chosen. * They must be large enough so as not to skew the results. The optimal size of the sample group depends on the precise degree of confidence required for making an inference. Representative sampling and random sampling are two techniques used to help ensure data is free of bias. These sampling techniques are not mutually exclusive and, in fact, they are often used in tandem to reduce the degree of sampling error in an analysis and allow for greater confidence in making statistical inferences from the sample in regard to the larger group. Representative Sample A representative sample is a group or set chosen from a larger statistical population or group of factors or instances that adequately replicates the larger group according to whatever characteristic or quality is under study. A representative sample parallels key variables and characteristics of the large society under examination. Some examples include sex, age, education level, socioeconomic status (SES), or marital status. A larger sample size reduced sampling error and increases the likelihood that the sample accurately reflects the target population. Random Sample A random sample is a group or set chosen from a larger population or group of factors of instances in a random manner that allows for each member of the larger group to have an equal chance of being chosen. A random sample is meant to be an unbiased representation of the larger population. It is considered a fair way to select a sample from a larger population since every member of the population has an equal chance of getting selected. Special Considerations: People collecting samples need to ensure that bias is minimized. Representative sampling is one of the key methods of achieving this because such samples replicate as closely as possible elements of the larger population under study. This alone, however, is not enough to make the sampling bias negligible. Combining the random sampling technique with the representative sampling method reduces bias further because no specific member of the representative population has a greater chance of selection into the sample than any other. Summarize this article in 250 words.

See answers (1)

asked 2021-05-14

When σ is unknown and the sample size is \(\displaystyle{n}\geq{30}\), there are tow methods for computing confidence intervals for μμ. Method 1: Use the Student's t distribution with d.f. = n - 1. This is the method used in the text. It is widely employed in statistical studies. Also, most statistical software packages use this method. Method 2: When \(\displaystyle{n}\geq{30}\), use the sample standard deviation s as an estimate for σσ, and then use the standard normal distribution. This method is based on the fact that for large samples, s is a fairly good approximation for σσ. Also, for large n, the critical values for the Student's t distribution approach those of the standard normal distribution. Consider a random sample of size n = 31, with sample mean x¯=45.2 and sample standard deviation s = 5.3. (c) Compare intervals for the two methods. Would you say that confidence intervals using a Student's t distribution are more conservative in the sense that they tend to be longer than intervals based on the standard normal distribution?

See answers (1)

asked 2020-11-01

Identify the appropriate hypothesis test for each of the following research situations using the options: The null hypothesis, The Test Statistics, The Sample Statistic, The Standard Error, and The Alpha Level.
A researcher conducts a cross-sectional developmental study to determine whether there is a significant difference in vocabulary skills between 8-year-old and 10-year-old children. A researcher determines that 8% of the males enrolled in Introductory Psychology have some form of color blindness, compared to only 2% of the females. Is there a significant relationship between color blindness and gender?
A researcher records the daily sugar consumption and the activity level for each of 20 children enrolled in a summer camp program. The researcher would like to determine whether there is a significant relationship between sugar consumption and activity level.
A researcher would like to determine whether a 4-week therapy program produces significant changes in behavior. A group of 25 participants is measured before therapy, at the end of therapy, and again 3 months after therapy.
A researcher would like to determine whether a new program for teaching mathematics is significantly better than the old program. It is suspected that the new program will be very effective for small-group instruction but probably will not work well with large classes. The research study involves comparing four groups of students: a small class taught by the new method, a large class taught by the new method, a small class taught by the old method, and a large class taught by the old method.

See answers (1)

asked 2021-05-14

Consider the accompanying data on flexural strength (MPa) for concrete beams of a certain type.
\(\begin{array}{|c|c|}\hline 11.8 & 7.7 & 6.5 & 6 .8& 9.7 & 6.8 & 7.3 \\ \hline 7.9 & 9.7 & 8.7 & 8.1 & 8.5 & 6.3 & 7.0 \\ \hline 7.3 & 7.4 & 5.3 & 9.0 & 8.1 & 11.3 & 6.3 \\ \hline 7.2 & 7.7 & 7.8 & 11.6 & 10.7 & 7.0 \\ \hline \end{array}\)
a) Calculate a point estimate of the mean value of strength for the conceptual population of all beams manufactured in this fashion. \([Hint.\ ?x_{j}=219.5.]\) (Round your answer to three decimal places.)
MPa
State which estimator you used.
\(x\)
\(p?\)
\(\frac{s}{x}\)
\(s\)
\(\tilde{\chi}\)
b) Calculate a point estimate of the strength value that separates the weakest \(50\%\) of all such beams from the strongest \(50\%\).
MPa
State which estimator you used.
\(s\)
\(x\)
\(p?\)
\(\tilde{\chi}\)
\(\frac{s}{x}\)
c) Calculate a point estimate of the population standard deviation ?. \([Hint:\ ?x_{i}2 = 1859.53.]\) (Round your answer to three decimal places.)
MPa
Interpret this point estimate.
This estimate describes the linearity of the data.
This estimate describes the bias of the data.
This estimate describes the spread of the data.
This estimate describes the center of the data.
Which estimator did you use?
\(\tilde{\chi}\)
\(x\)
\(s\)
\(\frac{s}{x}\)
\(p?\)
d) Calculate a point estimate of the proportion of all such beams whose flexural strength exceeds 10 MPa. [Hint: Think of an observation as a "success" if it exceeds 10.] (Round your answer to three decimal places.)
e) Calculate a point estimate of the population coefficient of variation \(\frac{?}{?}\). (Round your answer to four decimal places.)
State which estimator you used.
\(p?\)
\(\tilde{\chi}\)
\(s\)
\(\frac{s}{x}\)
\(x\)

See answers (1)

asked 2020-11-03

The sampling distribution of \(\frac{S_{1}^{2}}{S_{2}^{2}}\) is the \(\chi^2 \) distribution. Give a correct answer true or false inference for two population variances is done through their difference.

See answers (1)

asked 2021-01-28

Indicate true or false for the following statements. If false, specify what change will make the statement true.
a) In the two-sample t test, the number of degrees of freedom for the test statistic increases as sample sizes increase.
b) When the means of two independent samples are used to to compare two population means, we are dealing with dependent (paired) samples.
c) The \(\displaystyle{x}^{{{2}}}\) distribution is used for making inferences about two population variances.
d) The standard normal (z) score may be used for inferences concerning population proportions.
e) The F distribution is symmetric and has a mean of 0.
f) The pooled variance estimate is used when comparing means of two populations using independent samples.
g) It is not necessary to have equal sample sizes for the paired t test.

See answers (1)

asked 2021-01-02

The ANOVA technique is designed to evaluate the null hypothesis that: a) Two populations have equal variance b) The mean of each treatment group is no different from the mean of the pooled population c) The mean square error (MSE) of the treatment group is larger than the overall MSE Write down the sum of squares decomposition and explain, briefly, in your own words how the sum of squares decomposition is used to conduct statistical inference in ANOVA.

See answers (1)

asked 2021-02-25

We will now add support for register-memory ALU operations to the classic five-stage RISC pipeline. To offset this increase in complexity, all memory addressing will be restricted to register indirect (i.e., all addresses are simply a value held in a register; no offset or displacement may be added to the register value). For example, the register-memory instruction add x4, x5, (x1) means add the contents of register x5 to the contents of the memory location with address equal to the value in register x1 and put the sum in register x4. Register-register ALU operations are unchanged. The following items apply to the integer RISC pipeline:
a. List a rearranged order of the five traditional stages of the RISC pipeline that will support register-memory operations implemented exclusively by register indirect addressing.
b. Describe what new forwarding paths are needed for the rearranged pipeline by stating the source, destination, and information transferred on each needed new path.
c. For the reordered stages of the RISC pipeline, what new data hazards are created by this addressing mode? Give an instruction sequence illustrating each new hazard.
d. List all of the ways that the RISC pipeline with register-memory ALU operations can have a different instruction count for a given program than the original RISC pipeline. Give a pair of specific instruction sequences, one for the original pipeline and one for the rearranged pipeline, to illustrate each way.
Hint for (d): Give a pair of instruction sequences where the RISC pipeline has “more” instructions than the reg-mem architecture. Also give a pair of instruction sequences where the RISC pipeline has “fewer” instructions than the reg-mem architecture.

See answers (1)