# Subjects were classified according to which of three

Subjects were classified according to which of three groups they were assigned. Group A received lots of praise. Group B received moderate praise. Group C received no praise for correct answers to math problems. Following the manipulation, all subjects completed a posttest measure of mathematical ability. Higher scores indicate greater mathematical ability.
Does praise influence performance?

Identify the IV and the scale of measurement;
Identify the DV and the scale of measurement and for the IV – identify the number of levels;
Identify null and alternative hypotheses, are they directional or non-directional?
Assume that the distributions of the populations are approximately normal.
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Jayda Burch
Thank you for posting this question. Since it has multiple sub-parts, I am providing answer to the 3 sub-parts which you have mentioned above this question. To get the remaining hypothesis test problem solved, please resubmit this complete question and mention the sub-parts to be solved.
Solution:
It is asked to identify the IV, that is, independent variable and its scale of measurement.
Here, IV is praise for correct answers to math problems.
It is given that Group A received lots of praise, Group B received moderate praise and group C received no praise for correct answers to math problems.
That means, the data for praise has a natural order of a lot, moderate and absence.
So, the scale of measurement for IV is ordinal. There are 3 levels for the IV.
The DV is the dependent variable and in this case, it is the performance of subjects, that is, the scores in the posttest measure of mathematical ability and it is measured using Ratio scale of measurement since it has an absolute zero value and differences between the scores can be compared meaningfully.
The claim is: Does praise influence performance ?
The null and alternative hypotheses are:
${H}_{0}$: Praise does not influence performance. That means, praise and performance are independent of each other.
${H}_{1}$: Praise does influence performance. That means, praise and performance are dependent variables.