Consider the following ODE \(\displaystyle{x}{''}+{x}+{x}^{{3}}={0}\) Show that it only

Hugh Soto

Hugh Soto

Answered question

2022-03-26

Consider the following ODE
x+x+x3=0
Show that it only has periodic solutions.

Answer & Explanation

alwadau8ndv

alwadau8ndv

Beginner2022-03-27Added 9 answers

Step 1
Parametrize with the angle as x˙=Rcos(u),x1+12x2=f(x)=Rsin(u). Then taking the derivative of the second expression and comparing with the first gives
f'(x(t))x˙(t)=Rcos(u(t))u˙(t)f'(x(t))=u˙(t)
for any motion where x˙ is not constant zero.
Now f(x) is a strictly increasing function, f(x)1 is always positive. This means that u(t) is also strictly increasing, and the phase curve (x(t),x˙(t)) moves along the image of a circular motion, thus is periodic.
Step 2
f(x)=1+t12x2+x221+t12x2=1+x21+t12x21
and y=f(x) can be solved observing sgn(y)=sgn(x) as follows
y2=x2+12x4\1+2y2=(1+x2)2x2=1+2y2-1=2y21+1+2y2 |x|=2y1+1+2y2

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