What is the ideal study design from a statistical point of view? -Clinical trial -Observational studies -A&B -None of the above

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asked 2020-11-05

Regarding observational studies and designed experiments:
a. Describe each type of statistical study.
b. With respect to possible conclusions, what important difference exists between these two types of statistical studies?

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asked 2021-03-06

Use either the critical-value approach or the P-value approach to perform the required hypothesis test. Approximately 450,000 vasectomies are performed each year in the United States. In this surgical procedure for contraception, the tube carrying sperm from the testicles is cut and tied. Several studies have been conducted to analyze the relationship between vasectomies and prostate cancer. The results of one such study by E. Giovannucci et al. appeared in the paper “A Retrospective Cohort Study of Vasectomy and Prostate Cancer in U.S. Men” (Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 269(7), pp. 878-882). Of 21,300 men who had not had a vasectomy, 69 were found to have prostate cancer, of 22,000 men who had had a vasectomy, 113 were found to have prostate cancer. a. At the 1% significance level, do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that men who have had a vasectomy are at greater risk of having prostate cancer? b. Is this study a designed experiment or an observational study? Explain your answer. c. In view of your answers to parts (a) and (b), could you reasonably conclude that having a vasectomy causes an increased risk of prostate cancer? Explain your answer.

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asked 2021-01-15

The 2003 Statistical Abstract of the United States reported the percentage of people 18 years of age and older who smoke. Suppose that a study designed to collect new data on smokers and nonsmokers uses a preliminary estimate of the proportion who smoke to be .30.
a) How large a sample should be taken to estimate the proportion of smokers in the population with a margin of error of 2%? Use 95% confidence.
b) Assume that the study uses your sample size recommendation above and finds 520 smokers. What is the point estimate of the proportion of smokers in the population?
c) What is the 95% confidence interval for the proportion of smokers in the population?

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asked 2020-11-01

1.An investigator wants to assess whether the use of a specific medication given to infants born prematurely is associated with developmental delay. Infants who were born prematurely are recruited and followed for 2-years.
Some of the infants were given the medication at birth and others were not. All infants will undergo extensive testing at age 2 to assess various aspects of development.
What type of study design: The Case Report/Case Series, The Cross-Sectional Survey, The Cohort Study, The Case Control Study, The Nested Case-Control Study, The Randomized Controlled Trial or The Crossover Trial?

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asked 2021-02-19

Is wrapping a banana in plastic wrap and leaving the other bananas alone to see which one rots faster and experimental study design or and observational study design?

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asked 2021-02-18

To explain: whether the given study on male health professional is an observational study with a cohort design, an observational study with case-control design or an experiment

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asked 2021-02-01

To compare and contrast:Observational studies and designed experiments and to identify the study that allows a researcher to claim causality.

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asked 2020-11-29

State whether the investigation in question is an observational study or a designed experiment. Justify your answer in each case.
The Salk Vaccine. In the 1940s and early 1950s, the public was greatly concerned about polio. In an attempt to prevent this disease, Jonas Salk of the University of Pittsburgh developed a polio vaccine. In a test of the vaccine’s efficacy, involving nearly 2 million grade-school children, half of the children received the Salk vaccine, the other half received a placebo, in this case an injection of salt dissolved in water. Neither the children nor the doctors performing the diagnoses knew which children belonged to which group, but an evaluation center did. The center found that the incidence of polio was far less among the children inoculated with the Salk vaccine. From that information, the researchers concluded that the vaccine would be effective in preventing polio for all U.S. school children, consequently, it was made available for general use.

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asked 2020-11-26

Use either the critical-value approach or the P-value approach to perform the required hypothesis test. For several years, evidence had been mounting that folic acid reduces major birth defects. A. Czeizel and I. Dudas of the National Institute of Hygiene in Budapest directed a study that provided the strongest evidence to date. Their results were published in the paper “Prevention of the First Occurrence of Neural-Tube Defects by Periconceptional Vitamin Supplementation” (New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 327(26), p. 1832). For the study, the doctors enrolled women prior to conception and divided them randomly into two groups. One group, consisting of 2701 women, took daily multivitamins containing 0.8 mg of folic acid, the other group, consisting of 2052 women, received only trace elements. Major birth defects occurred in 35 cases when the women took folic acid and in 47 cases when the women did not. a. At the 1% significance level, do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that women who take folic acid are at lesser risk of having children with major birth defects? b. Is this study a designed experiment or an observational study? Explain your answer. c. In view of your answers to parts (a) and (b), could you reasonably conclude that taking folic acid causes a reduction in major birth defects? Explain your answer.

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asked 2020-12-03

The article “Rocker Shoe Put to the Test: Can it Really Walk the Walk as a Way to Get in Shape?” (USA TODAY, October 12, 2009) describes claims made by Skechers about Shape-Ups, a shoe line introduced in 2009. These curved-sole sneakers are supposed to help you “get into shape without going to the gym” according to a Skechers advertisement. Briefly describe how you might design a study to investigate this claim. Include how you would select subjects and what variables you would measure. Is the study you designed an observational study or an experiment?

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Answer 1

Step 1
To find,
The ideal study design from a statistical point of view?
Step 2
Result:
Clinical trials is dividdin to two parts trials and observational study.
Clinical trial is experimental study so it is also ideal study from a statistial point of view.
So, both the clinnil trial and observational study are ideal study design from a statistcal point of view.
Answer should be A and B

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What is the ideal study design from a statistical point of view? -Clinical trial -Observational studies -A&B -None of the above

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