Trucks are used in many configurations. Three common configurations are tractors

Step 1
Given: The data is provided for the U.S Truck Accidents in 2002 by configuration.
The data is:
$\begin{array}{|ccc|}\hline \text{Truck Configuration}& \text{Number of Registered Vehicles}& \text{Number of Accidents}\\ \text{Tractor, 1 trailer}& 150,000& 2,889\\ \text{Tractor, 2 trailers}& 5,100& 154\\ \text{Tractor, 3 trailers}& 200& 1\\ \hline\end{array}$
The researcher wants to determine whether the populations for each configuration have same rate of fatal accidents.
Explanation of incorrect options:
(A) The test "One-sample proportion z-test" will not be used, as the samples in the given scenario are three, and the test is performed for only one sample.
Therefore, this option is incorrect.
Step 2
(B) The test "two-sample proportion z-test" will not be used as this is applied in the scenario where specific characteristics of two groups or populations are compared, and the test is performed for two samples.
Therefore, this option is incorrect.
(C) The test " Chi-square test for independence" is used to test whether the two variables are independent or not, and in the given scenario, the researcher does not want to test the independence between the truck configurations.
Therefore, this option is incorrect.
(D) The test " Chi-square goodness of fit test" is used to determine whether the variable studied in the test follows a specific distribution or not. In the given scenario, the researcher does not want to test if the truck configuration follows a specified distribution.
Therefore, this is an incorrect option.
Explanation to correct option:
(E) The test " Chi-square test for homogeneity of proportion" is used when more than three variables are involved and test whether the sample data belong to the same population or not. In the given scenario, it can be determined whether the populations for each configuration have the same rate of fatal accidents by identifying if the sample data of truck configuration came from the same population.
Hence, the researcher can test his claim by using the " Chi-square test for homogeneity of proportion".
Thus, option (E) is correct.